Bava Batra 154

כאותה ששנינו כותבין שטר למוכר אע"פ שאין לוקח עמו כיון שהחזיק זה בקרקע נקנה שטר בכל מקום שהוא וזו היא ששנינו נכסים שאין להן אחריות נקנין עם נכסים שיש להן אחריות בכסף ושטר וחזקה

in accordance with the law we have learned [that] a deed may be written for the seller<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the statement in the deed is seemingly untrue, since the buyer mentioned is only imaginary; yet, at the request of the seller, it may be written, because this involves no loss to anyone except possibly to the seller himself should he lose the deed and the person therein named should happen to find it. ');">¹</span> though the buyer is not with him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 167b. ');">²</span> [In this case], as soon as [the buyer] takes possession of the ground he acquires [also] the deed, irrespective of the place in which it is kept.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it was the intention of the seller to give the buyer possession of the deed the latter acquires it together with the land just as if he had performed meshikah with the deed itself. ');">³</span>

אגב שאני דהא מטבע דלא ניקני בחליפין ואגב ארעא ניקני

And this accords with what we have learned, that movable property<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'property which has no secure foundation', from which debtors cannot collect their debts. ');">⁴</span> may be acquired with landed property<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'property which has a secure foundation, I.e., real estate which cannot be moved and is consequently always at the disposal of the creditor or anyone having a rightful claim to it. ');">⁵</span> by means of money,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Paid for the land. ');">⁶</span>

כי הא דרב פפא הוו ליה תריסר אלפי זוזי בי חוזאי אקנינהו ניהליה לרב שמואל בר אחא אגב אסיפא דביתיה כי אתא נפק לאפיה עד תווך:

deed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Confirming the sale of the land. ');">⁷</span> and possession!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' possession, by performing some kind of work on the estate, v. supra 42a. Now in view of the statement above that the deed is acquired irrespective of the place in which it is kept, how could Amemar and R. Ashi state that a deed can be acquired only by means of actual delivery? ');">⁸</span> — [Acquiring a deed] on the basis [of land bought jointly with it] is different [from its independent acquisition]; for a coin which cannot be acquired by halifin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'substitution'. One of the forms of possession consisting of a symbolical act: handing to the purchaser any object in substitution of the actual thing sold. ');">⁹</span>

אבל לא מכר לא את העבדים ולא את המרצופין ולא את האנתיקי וכו': מאי אנתיקי אמר רב פפא עיסקא דבגווה:

may [yet] be acquired by virtue of land [bought jointly with it]. As in the case of R. Papa.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [His home was at Naresh, S. of Sura.] ');">¹⁰</span> He had a money claim of twelve thousand <i>zuz</i> at Be-Huzae.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Modern Khuzistan, S. W. Persia, Obermeyer, p. 204 ff.] ');">¹¹</span> He passed them over into the possession of R. Samuel b. Aha by virtue of his threshold.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus the threshold and the debt were acquired by R. Samuel at the same time, empowering him (R. Samuel) to collect the debt as its legal owner, and freed the debtors of all responsibility from the moment they paid him over the money. ');">¹²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מכר את הקרון לא מכר את הפרדות מכר את הפרדות לא מכר את הקרון מכר את הצמד לא מכר את הבקר מכר את הבקר לא מכר את הצמד ר' יהודה אומר הדמים מודיעין כיצד אמר לו מכור לי צימדך במאתים זוז הדבר ידוע שאין הצמד במאתים זוז וחכמים אומרים אין הדמים ראיה:

When the latter came [back] he went out to meet him as far as Tauak.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [S. of Naresh, Obermeyer, p. 28.] Showing his gratitude for the successful results of the mission. Cf. infra 150b. ');">¹³</span> BUT HE DOES NOT SELL THE CREW, NOR THE PACKING BAGS, NOR THE STORES, ETC. What is the meaning of Enteke?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [G], is the term used in the Mishnah, supra 731. ');">¹⁴</span> — R. Papa said: The merchandise which it contains.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תני רב תחליפא בר מערבא קמיה דרבי אבהו מכר את הקרון מכר את הפרדות והא אנן לא מכר תנן אמר ליה איסמייה אמר ליה לא תיתרגם מתניתיך באדוקין בו:

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. HE WHO SOLD A WAGGON HAS NOT SOLD THE MULES, HE WHO SOLD THE MULES HAS NOT SOLD THE WAGGON. HE WHO SOLD THE YOKE HAS NOT SOLD THE OXEN. HE WHO SOLD THE OXEN HAS NOT SOLD THE YOKE. R. JUDAH SAYS: THE PRICE INDICATES [WHAT IS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE SALE]. HOW? — [IF] HE SAID UNTO HIM: SELL ME YOUR YOKE FOR TWO HUNDRED <i>ZUZ</i>; IT IS OBVIOUS THAT A YOKE [ALONE] IS NOT [SOLD] FOR TWO HUNDRED <i>ZUZ</i>. BUT THE SAGES SAY: THE PRICE IS NO PROOF. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. R. Tahlifa the Palestinian<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'son of the West'. ');">¹⁵</span> recited [a Baraitha] before R. Abbahu: He who sold the waggon has sold the mules. 'But surely', [the master said,] 'we learned: HE HAS NOT SOLD'! He said unto him: Shall I cancel it? He replied unto him: No; your teaching may be interpreted [as dealing with the case] when [the mules] were harnessed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the waggon at the time the sale took place, while our Mishnah deals with the case when they were not attached to it. ');">¹⁶</span>

מכר את הצמד לא מכר את הבקר וכו': היכי דמי אילימא דקרו לצימדא צימדא ולבקר בקר פשיטא צימדא זבין ליה בקר לא זבין ליה ואלא דקרו ליה נמי לבקר צימדא כוליה זבין ליה

to it. HE WHO SOLD THE 'YOKE' HAS NOT SOLD THE OXEN, ETC. How is this to be understood? If it be said that [the Mishnah speaks of a place where] a yoke is called yoke and oxen [are called] oxen, [in this case] surely he sold him the yoke, but has not sold him the oxen<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why. then, does R. Judah say that the sale is dependent on the price? ');">¹⁷</span> And if the oxen also are called 'yoke', all was [obviously] sold!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why do the Sages say that the price is no proof? ');">¹⁸</span>

לא צריכא באתרא דקרו ליה לצימדא צימדא ולבקר בקר ואיכא נמי דקרו לבקר צימדא ר' יהודה סבר הדמים מודיעין ורבנן סברי אין הדמים ראיה ואי אין הדמים ראיה ליהוי ביטול מקח

— [The law in the Mishnah] is necessary [to be stated in order to provide] for a place where a yoke is called 'yoke' and oxen, oxen'; while there are also some who call the oxen [also] 'yoke'. [In such a case], R. Judah holds the opinion that the price indicates [what was the intention of the seller],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the seller has asked for a high price, he must be one of those who describe the oxen also as 'yoke'. ');">¹⁹</span> and the Rabbis [the Sages] hold the opinion [that] the price is no proof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is doubt as to whether the seller intended to include the oxen in the sale of the yoke, and in such a case the possessor is entitled to the benefit of the doubt. The buyer, therefore, cannot lay claim to the oxen. ');">²⁰</span> But if the [excessive] price is no proof [that the oxen were included in the sale], the [return of the overcharge or the] cancellation of the [entire] purchase should follow!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if the difference between the actual cost and the price given is a sixth of the value, the overcharge should be returned; if more than a sixth, the whole transaction should be cancelled. ');">²¹</span>